Development of Education System in India

In Ancient India the education to the people was in force under a guru was a popular form of education. Guru was teaching people about their related tasks according to their section or Caste system in the society.

Brahmin: The top class or caste people or we can say the priest classes were trained about religion, philosophy, and other ancillary branches.

Kshatriya: the 2nd Class or Caste or we can say the warrior classes were trained in the various aspects of warfare and rulings.

Vaishya: The 3rd Class or Caste the business classes were taught their respective trade.

Shudra: The 4th Class or Caste or we can say the service class was generally abandoned from educational advantages.

Indian Education was developed in almost all streams it may be Mathematics, Economics, Health Science, Surgery, Biology, Philosophy, Logic, Astrology, Astronomy, Political Science, Grammar, Medicine, Metaphysics, Arts and Crafts but every streams was correlated with religious thoughts or Rules.

Latter institutions for higher learning and universities developed in India well before the Common Era, and were continued to deliver education during primitive Common Era. Secular Buddhist institutions cropped up along with monasteries. These institutions imparted practical education, e.g. medicine. During the period between 200 BCE to 400 CE some important urban education centres were Taxila and Nalanda Viswavidyalaya which were capable of attract a number of foreign students to study topics such as logic, grammar, medicine, metaphysics, arts and crafts. By the time of the visit of the Islamic scholar Alberuni (973-1048 CE), India already had a sophisticated system of mathematics and science in place, and had made a number of inventions and discoveries.

During the British Raj or Rule they introduced the new system of Westernized versed of education. This system soon became established in India and number of primary, secondary and higher education centres grown up.

During British Period between 1867 and 1941, the percentage of student in Primary and Secondary Education increased from around 0.6% of the population in 1867 to over 3.5% of the population in 1941.

Another report says, in 1901 the literacy rate in India was only about 5% and latter it was increased to 20% by Independence India in 1947.

Following independence in 1947, Maulana Azad, India's first education minister envisages strong central Government control over education throughout the country, with a uniform educational system. However, given the cultural and linguistic diversity of India, it was only the higher education dealing with science and technology that came under the jurisdiction of the central government. The government also held powers to make national policies for educational development and could regulate selected aspects of education throughout India.

The Government of India Implemented the National Policy on Education (NPE) in 1986 and Programme of Action (POA) for maintaining uniform education in states. The Govt. of India initiated several measures launching of DPEP (District Primary Education Programme) and SSA (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan) formulae for Education for All. And Govt. also established Navodaya Vidyalaya for every district where scholars will be provided free boarding schooling, Abasika Vidyalayas for Womens and SC / ST students under DSW programmes, Establishments of Inter-disciplinary research and Establishment of Open Universities. For purpose of different educational programme, the GOI is also preparing budget of more than 6% of the Gross Domestic Products.

Present Scenario of Education System in India